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Active Vitamin B12 (Holotranscobalamin) is the bioavailable portion of vitamin B12 that the body can immediately use. Unlike total vitamin B12, which includes forms of B12 stored in the liver but not actively used by the body, active B12 is bound to the transport protein transcobalamin, delivering it directly to cells. This bioactive form is crucial for several vital processes, such as DNA synthesis, the formation of red blood cells, and maintaining neurological health. Think of it as the courier that delivers vitamin B12 right to where it’s needed, helping the body perform essential functions to keep you healthy and energetic. By measuring active B12, healthcare professionals can assess whether the body has sufficient levels of this vital nutrient for immediate use, even if total B12 appears normal.
Testing active B12 provides a more accurate measure of B12 availability in the body than total B12. It helps identify deficiencies that can affect energy levels, cognitive function, and overall health. This test is particularly important for individuals at risk of B12 deficiency, such as those following plant-based diets, older adults, or individuals with digestive disorders. Early detection of low active B12 levels allows for timely intervention, preventing potentially serious complications like anaemia and neurological damage.
Several factors can influence active B12 levels. Nutritional intake, particularly in people with vegan or vegetarian diets, can lead to lower levels due to limited B12 from plant-based sources. Digestive health also plays a role: conditions like pernicious anaemia or gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease and coeliac disease can impair absorption. Medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or metformin may also decrease B12 absorption. Additionally, as we age, our ability to absorb B12 naturally declines, making older adults more susceptible to deficiencies.
If active B12 levels are low or approaching the lower limit, dietary changes or B12 supplementation can be beneficial. For those at risk of deficiency (vegans, older adults), increasing B12-rich foods (e.g., meat, dairy, fortified cereals) or taking oral or injectable supplements can help. If the levels are too high, it’s important to assess liver and kidney health, as high B12 may be a sign of underlying issues rather than dietary intake. Regular monitoring and medical advice will help guide appropriate adjustments.
If active B12 levels are low or approaching the lower limit, dietary changes or B12 supplementation can be beneficial. For those at risk of deficiency (vegans, older adults), increasing B12-rich foods (e.g., meat, dairy, fortified cereals) or taking oral or injectable supplements can help. If the levels are too high, it’s important to assess liver and kidney health, as high B12 may be a sign of underlying issues rather than dietary intake. Regular monitoring and medical advice will help guide appropriate adjustments.
