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Androstenedione is a steroid hormone that acts as a precursor to more potent sex hormones like testosterone and oestrogen. It is produced in both males and females, primarily in the adrenal glands and the gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females). In males, androstenedione contributes to the production of testosterone, which influences characteristics such as muscle mass, libido, and energy. In females, it is involved in producing oestrogen and contributes to regulating the menstrual cycle and fertility. Elevated levels of androstenedione can indicate an imbalance in sex hormone production, often linked to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in females or adrenal disorders in both sexes.
Testing androstenedione levels can provide valuable insight into hormonal health, especially in cases of suspected PCOS in females or adrenal disorders in both sexes. It’s particularly useful in diagnosing causes of irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, or signs of hormone imbalance like hirsutism. In males, it helps assess testosterone production and can be part of evaluating delayed or early puberty.
Several factors can influence androstenedione levels. These include age, as levels naturally fluctuate throughout life, particularly during puberty. Conditions like PCOS in females can raise levels, while adrenal tumours or hyperplasia can lead to overproduction of the hormone in both males and females. Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or hormone therapy, may also affect androstenedione levels. Additionally, stress and chronic illness may influence hormone production.
For elevated androstenedione levels, treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as PCOS or adrenal hyperplasia, through medication, hormone therapy, or lifestyle changes like weight management. Lowering stress and improving diet can also support hormonal balance. If levels are nearing the upper limit, early intervention with lifestyle changes and regular monitoring can help prevent further imbalances. For low androstenedione, treatment might involve hormone replacement therapy or managing adrenal or ovarian insufficiency. Ensuring a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management also support healthy hormone levels.
For elevated androstenedione levels, treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as PCOS or adrenal hyperplasia, through medication, hormone therapy, or lifestyle changes like weight management. Lowering stress and improving diet can also support hormonal balance. If levels are nearing the upper limit, early intervention with lifestyle changes and regular monitoring can help prevent further imbalances. For low androstenedione, treatment might involve hormone replacement therapy or managing adrenal or ovarian insufficiency. Ensuring a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management also support healthy hormone levels.
